Dialectics of information privacy and information security

Available in Russian

Price 150 Rub.

Author: Alyona Gerashchenko

DOI: 10.21128/2226-2059-2022-4-51-72

Keywords: information privacy; personal data; information security; national security; existential security; the Internet

Abstract

Information privacy is the protection of personal data, which is the foundation of privacy itself. Information privacy and information security are two concepts that constantly interact with each other. The relationship of the two is dialectical and presents a dilemma that does not have an evident legal solution but requires a search for balance. In the most controversial cases this search is done by supranational courts. The correlation of information privacy and information security is similar to the relationship of private and public spheres which mutually complement each other and demonstrate by their equilibrium the harmonious development of citizen, society and state. In Russia the grounds for information security of citizen and society arose in 1991 with the advent of the citizen’s right to private life. Before that only the state had information security. This new approach to the understanding of information security demonstrates that the citizen now has an active role in the information space. The fragile state of international information security and the lack of information security of citizen, society and the state in modern conditions have become powerful incentives for the development of information law, scholarship, and theory. At the same time, strengthening information security, in the context of active technological and informational development, can narrow the boundaries of citizens’ information privacy. This gives rise either to an incentive to abandon private life and the protection of personal data generally (referred to as information “post-privacy”) or to an incentive to excessively protect information privacy. Both phenomena testify to the low level of existential security of citizens and the need to find a balance between private life and the objective and subjective aspects of security. The author reviews decisions of the ECtHR and the Court of Justice of the European Union, showing their role in strengthening the national information security of the EU; explores the approaches of the ECtHR to understanding security, the right to privacy and the right to self-determination; and analyzes American and the Russian court decisions influencing their definitions of the right to privacy and the right to protection of personal data. The author concludes that the “death of private life” is associated with a crisis of self-determination and self-identification of the subject, caused by informatization and by placing an economic value on information. This crisis, in turn, stimulates development of the objective side of information security, making it possible to strengthen the subjective side of existential security. The author posits that if citizen and society have a stable subjective side of existential security, the right to privacy will be reborn.

About the author: Alyona Gerashchenko – Ph.D. Student, Faculty Member, Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.

Citation: Gerashchenko A. (2022) Dialektika informatsionnoy privatnosti v usloviyakh razvitiya informatsionnoy bezopasnosti [Dialectics of information privacy and information security]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 51–72. (In Russian).

References

Balaev R.S. (2016) Ekzistentsial’naya bezopasnost’ lichnosti v usloviyakh setevykh voyn: Avtoref. dis. … kand. filos. nauk [Existential security of the individual in the conditions of network wars: Abstract of a dissertation … candidate of philosophical sciences], Stavropol. (In Russian).

Bol’shakova A.S. (2021) Eticheskie temy tsifrovoy ery v optike filisofii fotografii [Ethical themes of the digital era in the optics of philosophy of photography]. The Scientific Heritage, no. 80-6, pp. 46–51. (In Russian).

Castells M. (2004) Galaktika Internet [The Internet galaxy], A.Matveev (transl.), V.Kharitonov (ed.), Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya (pri uchastii izdatel’stva Gumanitarnogo univertsiteta). (In Russian).

Cerrillo-i-Martínez A. (2018) How Do We Provide the Digital Footprint with Eternal Rest? Some Criteria for Legislation Regulating Digital Wills. Computer Law and Security Review, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1119–1130.

Chesney B., Citron D. (2019) Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security. California Law Review, vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 1753–1820.

Dugain M., Labbé Ch. (2016) L’homme nu. La dictature invisible du numérique, Paris: Plon.

Efimova G.Z., Semenov M.Yu. (2020) Tsifrovoy detoks molodezhi (na primere ispol’zovaniya so­tsial’nykh setey). Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Sotsiologiya, no. 3, pp. 572–581. (In Russian).

Efimova G.Z., Zyuban E.V. (2016) Vliyanie sotsial’nykh setey na lichnost’ [Impact of the social networks on the individual]. Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psikhologiya, no. 5, pp. 1–27. (In Russian).

Eсo U. (2007) Polnyy nazad! “Goryachie voyny” i populizm v SMI [Full back! “Hot wars” and populism in the media], E.Kostyukovich (transl.), Moscow: Eksmo. (In Russian).

Foucault P.-M. (1994) Slova i veshchi [The order of things], V.P.Vizgin, N.S.Avtonomov (transl.), Saint Petersburg: A-cad. (In Russian).

Frankl V. (1990) Chelovek v poiskakh smysla: sbornik [A Man in search of meaning: a collection], D.A.Leont’ev, M.P.Papush, E.V.Eydman (transl.), Moscow: Progress. (In Russian).

Fromm E. (1990) Psikhoanaliz i religiya [Psychoanalysis and religion]. In: Yakovlev A.A. (ed.) Sumerki bogov [Dusk of the gods], Moscow: Politizdat, pp. 143–221. (In Russian).

Gorlinskiy V.V. (2015) Ekzistentsial’naya bezopasnost’ kak paradigma sokhraneniya chelovecheskogo sushchestvovaniya [Existential security as a paradigm for the preservation of human existence]. Filosofskaya mysl’, no. 2, pp. 1–24. (In Russian).

Gurevich P.S. (2010) Problema identichnosti cheloveka v filosofskoy antropologii. Voprosy sotsial’noy teorii, vol. 4, pp. 63–87. (In Russian).

Jellinek G. (1908) Obshchee uchenie o gosudarstve. Pravo sovremennogo gosudarstva [General doctrine of the state. Law of the modern state], vol. 1, Saint Petersburg: N.K.Martynov. (In Russian).

Kazantsev M.B. (1992) Zashchita interesov gosudarevykh i prav sobstvennikov v sudebnikakh 1497, 1550 i 1589 godov. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 1, pp. 33–46. (In Russian).

Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger S. (2021) Strakh s’edaet svobodu: pochemu my dolzhny zashchishchat’ svoi osnovnye prava? [Fear eats up freedom: why we must protect our fundamental rights?], A.Yarin (transl.), Moscow: Mysl’. (In Russian).

Maslow A. (2019) Motivatsiya i lichnost’ [Motivation and personality], 3rd ed., T.Gutman, N.Mukhin (transl.), Saint Petersburg: Piter. (In Russian).

Nersesyants V.S. (2006) Filosofiya prava [Philosophy of law], Moscow: Norma. (In Russian).

Rusinova V. (2018) Legalizatsiya “massovoy slezhki” Evropeyskim Sudom po pravam cheloveka: chto stoit za postanovleniem po delu Big Brother Watch and Others v. the United Kingdom? [Legalization of “mass surveillance” by the European Court of Human Rights: what stands behind the judgment in the case of Big Brother Watch and Others v. the United Kingdom?]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3–20. (In Russian).

Sakovich E.S. (2012) Dialektika privatnosti i publichnosti v virtual’nom prostranstve [Dialectics of privacy and publicity in the virtual space]. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal issledovaniy kul’tury, no. 3, pp. 35–41. (In Russian).

Sennett R. (2002) Padenie publichnogo cheloveka [The fall of the public man], O.Isaeva et al. (transl.), Moscow: Logos. (In Russian).

Solove D.J. (2007) “I’ve Got Nothing to Hide” and Other Misunderstanding of Privacy. San Diego Law Review, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 745–772.

Stonier T. (1986) Informatsionnoe bogatstvo: profil’ postindustrial’noy ekonomiki [The wealth of information: a profile of the post-industrial economy]. In: Gurevich P.S. (ed.) Novaya tekhnokraticheskaya volna na Zapade [A new technocratic wave in the West], Moscow: Progress, pp. 392–409. (In Russian).

Varlamova N.V. (2013) Interesy natsional’noy bezopasnosti kak osnovanie ogranicheniya prav cheloveka (po materialam praktiki Evropeyskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka). Trudy Instituta gosudarstva i prava Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, no. 1, pp. 164–190. (In Russian).

Vladimirskiy-Budanov M.F. (1873) Khrestomatiya po istorii russkogo prava. Vypusk 2 [Reader on the history of Russian law. Issue 2], Yaroslavl: Tipografiya G.Fal’ka. (In Russian).

Vostretsova E.V. (2019) Osnovy informatsionnoy bezopasnosti: uchebnoe posobie [Fundamentals of information security: a study guide], Ekaterinburg: Ural’skiy federal’nyy universitet. (In Russian).

Warren S.D., Brandeis L.D. (1890) The Right to Privacy. Harvard Law Review, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 193–220.

Westin A.F. (1967) Privacy and Freedom, New York: IG Publishing.

Yalom I. (2018) Vglyadyvayas’ v solntse. Zhizn’ bez strakha smerti [Staring at the sun: overcoming the terror of death], A.Petrenko (transl.), Moscow: Eksmo. (In Russian).