Available in Russian
Author: Svetlana Krupko
DOI: 10.21128/2226-2059-2023-4-127-149
Keywords: private international law and intellectual property; international unification and harmonization of private international law; applicable law; international jurisdiction; recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments; non-state regulators; private law codifications; ALI-Principles; CLIP-Principles; Transparency-Principles; WASEDA-Principles; Kyoto Guidelines on Intellectual Property and Private International Law
The international treaty unification of private international law in the field of intellectual property remains problematic for more than half a century. Unresolved disagreements among states on conflict-of-laws issues, international jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in civil and commercial intellectual property disputes, which have arisen in the development of instruments for the international unification of private international law, have served as an impetus for studying the interaction of private international law and intellectual property law at both vertical and horizontal levels. At the international level, the development of private international law in the field of intellectual property has shifted towards a method of harmonization. This article examines the experience of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the expert community in international, universal and regional harmonization of private international law within the intellectual property domain. Special attention is given to the study of non-state regulators, a comparative legal analysis of theoretical foundations and principles governing creation, structure, scope, functional purpose and content of private legal codification specially designed for application in the field of intellectual property. The research results in the following conclusions: in the regulation of private relations concerning intellectual property, which are complicated by a foreign element, there is a transition from fragmented regulation of private law questions to the complex and systemic regulation of the main categories of legal relations in the field of the intellectual property. This includes relations of intellectual rights in rem, contractual obligations and non-contractual obligations, arising from infringement and unfair competition, and extends to both the substantive aspects, addressing conflicts of laws, and procedural aspects. The development of private international law in the field of intellectual property reflects a broader trend in private international law towards specialization in conflict-of-laws and procedural regulation of cross-border relations. The formulation and application of choice-of-law rules and international jurisdiction rules are based on the close link between private relationships and the law of respective states. The identification of a such a link involves consideration of the conflict-of-laws interests of specific and potential parties to the legal relationship, societies and states. Additionally, significant conflict-of-laws values are carefully weighed in this process as well.
About the author: Svetlana Krupko – Сandidate of Sciences (Ph.D.) in Law, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher Fellow, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbitrator, International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Citation: Krupko S. (2023) Razvitie mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v sfere intellektual’noy sobstvennosti: opyt mezhdunarodnoy garmonizatsii [Development of private international law in the field of the intellectual property: experience of international harmonization]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 127–149. (In Russian).
References
(2008) Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgments in Transnational Disputes, American Law Institute: Intellectual Property; St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute.
Abdullin A.I., Artem’eva N.M., Afanas’ev D.V. et al. (2011) Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: uchebnik. Tom 1: Obshchaya chast [International private law: textbook. Vol. 1: General part], in 2 vols., S.N. Lebedev, E.V. Kabatova (eds.), Moscow: Statut. (In Russian).
Ahrens H.-J., McGuire M.-R. (2012) Modellgesetz für Geistiges Eigentum: Normtext und Begründung, München: Sellier European Law Publishers.
Asoskov A.V. (2010) Vliyanie material’nogo prava na kollizionnoe regulirovanie chastnopravovykh otnosheniy s inostrannym elementom [The influence of substantive law on the conflict of laws regulation of private law relations with a foreign element]. In: Vitryanskiy V.V., Sukhanov E.A. (eds.) Osnovnye problemy chastnogo prava: sbornik statey k yubileyu doktora yuridicheskikh nauk, professora Aleksandra L’vovicha Makovskogo [The main problems of private law: collection of articles to the anniversary of Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor Alexander Lvovich Makovsky], Moscow: Statut, pp. 472–510. (In Russian).
Austin G. (2001) Private International Law and Intellectual Property Rights. A Common Law Overview: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_5.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Bennett A., Granata S. (2019) When Private International Law Meets Intellectual Property Law: A Guide for Judges. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_1053.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2022).
Blumer F. (2001) Patent Law and International Private Law on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_3.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Christie A.F. (2015) Private International Law Issues in Online Intellectual Property Infringement Disputes with Cross-Border Elements: An Analysis of National Approaches. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/publications/ru/details.jsp?id=3975 (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Dinwoodie G.B. (2001) Private International Aspects of the Protection of Trademarks: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_4.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Dreyfuss R.C., Ginsburg J.C. (2001) Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Recognition of Judgments in Intellectual Property Matters: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_7.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Dogauchi M. (2001) Private International Law on Intellectual Property: A Civil Law Overview: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_8.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Ginsburg J.C. (2000) Private International Law Aspects of the Protection of Works and Objects of Related Rights Transmitted through Digital Networks (2000 Update): Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_2.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Krupko S. (2023) Razvitie mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v sfere intellektual’noy sobstvennosti: opyt mezhdunarodnoy unifikatsii [Development of the private international law of intellectual property: the experience of international unification]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 92–114. (In Russian).
Lucas A. (2005) Law Applicable to Copyright Infringement in the Digital Environment. Intergovernmental Copyright Committee: Paper presented at Thirteenth Session of the Committee of the Universal Convention as revised in 1971, 22–24 June, Paris. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000139652_eng (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Perritt H.H., Jr. (2001) Electronic Commerce: Issues in Private International Law and the Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution: Paper presented at WIPO Forum on Private International Law and Intellectual Property, 30–31 January, Geneva. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/wipo_pil_01/wipo_pil_01_6.pdf (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Vilkova N.G. (2002) Dogovornoe pravo v mezhdunarodnom oborote [Contract law in international business], Moscow: Statut. (In Russian).